1. Short history of spectroscopy. 3
2. Characteristics of spectral apparatus.7
2.1 Prism spectral apparatus. 7
2.2 Spectral apparatus with diffraction grating. 17
3. Schrödinger equation for the hydrogenic atoms. 22
3.1 Pauli Principle. Electron spin. 27
3.2 Spectral term of the ground state of atoms. 29
3.3 Spectral terms of single valence electron atoms. 34
3.4 Spectral terms of atoms with two valence electrons. 35
4. The fine structure of spectral lines. 38
4.1 Relativistic correction. 38
4.2 Spin-orbit interaction. 41
5. Interaction of atoms with the electromagnetic radiation. 49
5.2 Transition rate for absorption. 53
5.3 Einstein coefficients. Intensity of spectral lines. 57
5.4 Selection rules in dipole approximation. 62
5.5 Fine structure of Hα line of hydrogen Balmer series. 63
6. Spectral series of alkali metals. 66
6.1 The model of the valence electron (or of the effective nucleus). 66
6.6 Fine structure of alkali metal series. 74
BIBLIOGRAPHY 78- Formator: Doinita Bejan